Our World in Data · People & society

Climate Change and Malaria: A Complex Relationship

Climate change's impact on malaria is multifaceted, with potential to both decrease and increase its prevalence in different regions. While global malaria burden has significantly declined due to interventions, climate change introduces further complexities.

Malaria causes nearly half a million child deaths annually, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa, with West Africa bearing the highest burden.

Malaria transmission is optimal around 25°C, influenced by rainfall and humidity. Extreme temperatures reduce its spread.

Historical warming has slightly increased childhood malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, shifting distribution from West Africa to southern and eastern regions.

Future warming may further decrease malaria in West Africa but increase it in Southern Africa, potentially to higher altitudes.

Extreme weather events like floods can significantly increase malaria by creating breeding grounds and disrupting healthcare.

Despite climate shifts, human interventions have drastically reduced malaria cases and deaths, far outweighing climate impacts.

Continued investment in interventions like bed nets, antimalarials, and vaccines is crucial to combat malaria effectively.

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