Smithsonian Magazine · People & society

First Skeletal Evidence of Nasal Amputation as Punishment Found in Ancient China

Archaeologists have discovered the first skeletal evidence of nasal amputation as a form of punishment in ancient China, dating back to the Yuan or early Ming dynasty (1298-1404 C.E.).

The remains of a woman, buried facedown and alone, showed significant bone and tissue loss from her nasal opening, suggesting punitive mutilation rather than a birth defect, accident, or disease. This practice was one of the "Five Punishments" in ancient China, though physical evidence was previously lacking.

Analysis of her remains indicates a diet of millet and little animal protein, possibly signifying lower socioeconomic status. Her burial position and probable social standing led researchers to believe her nose was cut off, potentially for offenses like theft or adultery.

Evidence suggests the woman received medical care after the amputation, as her nasal bones show signs of healing, indicating she survived the procedure. She may have experienced breathing difficulties and had trouble moving her upper lip, and possibly wore a prosthetic nose.

Her facedown interment, sometimes associated with punishment during the Yuan dynasty, suggests an attempt to conceal her disfigurement. This finding highlights the social stigma and challenges faced by individuals with facial deformities.

This discovery provides crucial insight into the application and aftermath of punitive amputations. Researchers anticipate finding more evidence of such injuries in other ancient remains, which could shed further light on who was subjected to this punishment, its execution, and medical management.

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