Smithsonian Magazine · People & society

The Peasants' Revolt of 1381: History and Legacy

The Peasants' Revolt of 1381, sparked by an unfair poll tax, saw thousands march on London demanding societal change. It was the only time the Tower of London was breached by rebels.

The revolt was triggered by the third poll tax in four years, poorly administered and unfairly distributed. Rebels demanded an end to serfdom and redistribution of church wealth. Though unsuccessful, it inspired future uprisings and highlighted the impact of policy on ordinary people.

Director Paul Greengrass's film 'The Uprising' focuses on a fictional everyman, rather than leaders like Wat Tyler, to represent participants.

The Black Death's labor shortage and resulting social discontent preceded the revolt. A 1351 statute froze wages, increasing lordly power. The film links the plague's devastation to the protagonist's motivation.

Historians debate the film's 'miserabilist' view versus broader economic motivations for the revolt. The spirit is compared to the 14th-century Robin Hood legend.

Beginning May 30, 1381, in Essex, the revolt involved diverse social classes, including women like Joanna Ferrour, who led attacks on property.

Rebels marched on London, attacking officials and burning records. After meeting King Richard II, who granted their demands, violence escalated, including the storming of the Tower of London.

The revolt failed to achieve reforms but contributed to feudalism's decline and warned landowners, leading to better treatment of workers. It left a legacy of rebellion and a quest for justice.

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