NASA · Space

October's Night Sky: Algol and Witch Head Nebula

This October, stargazers can observe celestial objects with spooky associations, including the eclipsing binary star Algol and the Witch Head Nebula.

Algol, also known as 'The Ghoul' or 'Demon Star,' is located in the constellation Perseus. This triple-star system's brightness fluctuates every three days due to two stars orbiting each other, causing it to dim from magnitude +2.1 to +3.4. This phenomenon is likened to the 'blinking eye' of Medusa in Greek mythology. Data from NASA's TESS mission confirms this regular dimming.

To find Algol, locate the constellations Cassiopeia and Andromeda in the northeastern sky after 9 PM. Using the star Almach in Andromeda as a guide can help pinpoint Algol. Its brightness can be compared to Almach using binoculars or a small telescope.

The Witch Head Nebula (IC 2118) is a reflection nebula situated between the Eridanus and Orion constellations, approximately 900 light-years away. It is illuminated by the star Rigel.

Reflection nebulae are visible due to nearby starlight and can be challenging to see with the naked eye, especially at such a distance. Telescopes with large apertures and low magnification are recommended for viewing the Witch Head Nebula under dark skies.

Astrophotographers can capture images of the Witch Head Nebula within a few hours, depending on their equipment and sky conditions. The 'Witch's Broom' is also mentioned as being located in the Western Veil Nebula in the constellation Cygnus.

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