Mongabay · Climate & nature

Myanmar Minerals Fueling Pollution Crisis, Sold to China

A trade in minerals from Myanmar to Thailand, largely destined for China, is linked to severe river pollution and public health crises. Civil society groups demand an end to these imports.

Minerals from Myanmar are imported into Thailand and resold to China, causing heavy metal contamination in six Thai rivers. This impacts food and water security for hundreds of thousands.

Mining operations in Myanmar have expanded, with processing causing environmental damage. Over 50 Thai companies import these minerals, with imports significantly increasing in 2025.

Contaminants like arsenic and lead are found in rivers including the Mekong. The Thai government's response is seen as inadequate, and Chinese investors are criticized for fueling the boom.

Many Thai importers lack transparency on mineral origins, relying on brokers. This prevents confirmation of whether their imports contribute to pollution.

Some traders dispute official import data, suggesting mislabeling or different volumes. The Thai Customs Department has not provided clarifications.

These critical minerals are vital for industries like defense and technology. Their extraction has severe environmental consequences.

Lawmakers call for stronger regulation, including better customs data and laws to trace mineral origins and verify environmental impact.

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