Horizon Magazine · Space

SPACE USB Project Aims for Universal Satellite Connectors

An EU-funded project, SPACE USB, is developing a universal connector for satellites, inspired by USB ports, to simplify connections, repairs, and upgrades in orbit.

Currently, satellites use diverse connectors for power, data, and other services, hindering repair and upgrades. The SPACE USB project proposes a single, standardized interface to connect various devices and systems across different satellite designs, potentially extending their operational life.

The increasing number of satellites raises concerns about space debris. The ability to service and repair satellites in orbit could reduce the need for costly replacements, mitigate collision risks, and prolong their usefulness.

Researchers developed a prototype called the Common Passive Interface, demonstrating mechanical and electrical compatibility with three existing European interfaces (HOTDOCK, SIROM, iSSI). The connector is designed for orbital servicing, not for docking spacecraft.

This standardized connection could enable servicing spacecraft to replace faulty components or add new equipment, such as sensors or AI processing units, to existing satellites.

European space policy increasingly supports in-space servicing. A pilot mission for in-space operations and services is planned for launch by 2030, with draft EU Space Act rules potentially requiring certain EU spacecraft to have service interfaces.

Beyond servicing, a common connector could also facilitate the construction of larger structures in space by allowing modular components to be easily connected.

The success of the SPACE USB prototype as an operational standard depends on adoption by manufacturers and service providers. Standardization is seen as crucial for a future of serviceable and reusable space infrastructure.

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