Smithsonian Magazine · People & society

Lancaster's Brief Stint as U.S. Capital

During the American Revolution, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, briefly served as the United States' capital for one day, September 27, 1777, as Congress fled Philadelphia due to the advancing British.

Following Hamilton's warning of a British threat, Congress members traveled to Lancaster. They convened in the courthouse for a few hours to address war matters.

Recognizing Lancaster's vulnerability, delegates quickly relocated to York. This marked Lancaster's short but significant role as the nation's third capital.

Lancaster is among nine cities that have served as the U.S. capital. Its one-day tenure is now commemorated annually.

In 1775, Lancaster was a significant inland city, a supply depot for troops and materials. Its craftsmen made rifles, and farmers provided provisions.

The city's infrastructure and proximity to Philadelphia made it a viable temporary capital, offering safety yet remaining connected to the war effort.

After the British occupied Philadelphia, Congress met in Lancaster before moving to York. This strategic move placed the Susquehanna River between them and the British.

Few physical traces of Lancaster's time as capital remain, but a chair and coat of arms from the courthouse are preserved. Local Capital Day celebrations honor this event.

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