Scientias · Science

Coronavirus exploits immune system for its own spread

Researchers have discovered how a specific coronavirus protein turns the human lungs' own defense against the virus, leading to severe damage.

The coronavirus uses a protein to open doors in scavenger cells, the body's first line of defense. This protein causes the scavenger cells to create more docking points for the virus, making infection easier.

Once infected, the scavenger cell dies and releases an alarm substance. This causes an inflammatory reaction that makes surrounding lung cells more vulnerable to the virus, creating a vicious circle.

Laboratory experiments with lung cells and mice confirmed this mechanism. Mice infected with a virus variant possessing this protein showed more lung damage and scar tissue.

An existing drug, an antibody that blocks the receptor on the scavenger cell, showed promising results in mice with less inflammation, virus, and scar formation.

These findings are currently based on mouse and cell culture studies and require clinical studies to confirm effectiveness in humans.

There is still uncertainty, as earlier research suggested that the same protein could inhibit virus replication in isolated lung cells. Furthermore, suppressing inflammatory pathways carries risks for overall immunity.

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