Mongabay · Climate & nature

Yellow-eyed penguins face extinction, conservation efforts focus on fishing nets

The yellow-eyed penguin, unique to New Zealand, is critically endangered. Its mainland population has declined by over 80%. Conservationists are focusing on reducing deaths caused by set-net fishing, a practice recently restricted around the Otago Peninsula.

The mainland population has dropped to 117 breeding pairs from 739 in 2008-2009. The species is listed as endangered by the IUCN, with experts concerned about its survival.

Set-net fishing is a major factor in penguin mortality. New Zealand banned set-net fishing near the Otago Peninsula and set an annual limit of four fishing-related penguin deaths.

Conservationists deem the regulations insufficient, seeking larger protected areas. The fishing industry argues set-netting is targeted and the emotional response overshadows pragmatism.

Penguins also face threats from introduced predators and diseases like respiratory distress syndrome, impacting chick survival. Intensive management is ongoing.

Warming seas and fishing pressure have altered their diet. Genomic research suggests three distinct subspecies may exist.

While bird flu is a concern for penguins globally, its immediate threat here is low due to recent detections and nesting habits. Long-term ecological pressures remain the primary issue.

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