Mongabay · Climate & nature

Anthrax Suspected in Hippo Deaths in Zambia, Human Cases Reported

Zambia is investigating a potential anthrax outbreak in the Muchinga province, with 46 hippos reported dead since August 31. The outbreak has also led to suspected human infections.

Laboratory evidence confirms anthrax in one hippo, though 46 deaths have been reported in the affected riverine area. While current mortality rates do not threaten the hippo population, intensified surveillance and monitoring are deemed necessary.

The primary concern is the potential for further wildlife deaths, continued contamination around carcass sites, and exposure to livestock and humans at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. Samples from buffalo carcasses tested negative for anthrax, and elephant samples are still under investigation.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that can infect humans through contact with or consumption of infected animals or their products. Authorities have advised the public to avoid handling or consuming meat from animals suspected of dying from anthrax.

As of September 21, 21 suspected human cases of anthrax were reported in Muchinga, with one laboratory-confirmed case and no reported deaths. Suspected exposure is linked to handling or consuming meat from dead animals.

Community cooperation is crucial for early reporting of carcasses to allow for proper securing and sampling. Traditional leaders, health workers, and wildlife officers are involved in the local response.

Government authorities are monitoring human health, treating suspected cases, and enhancing wildlife and livestock surveillance, including laboratory testing and risk-based vaccination. A national vaccination campaign is ongoing.

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